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Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its association with cardiovascular disease among type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 30 , — Diabetologia 51 , — Byrne, C. NAFLD: a multisystem disease. Marengo, A. Liver cancer: connections with obesity, fatty liver, and cirrhosis. Bugianesi, E. Expanding the natural history of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: from cryptogenic cirrhosis to hepatocellular carcinoma.

Oberaigner, W. BMC Public Health 14 , Dyson, J. Hepatocellular cancer: the impact of obesity, type 2 diabetes and a multidisciplinary team. Zheng, Z. Diabetes mellitus is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective case-control study in hepatitis endemic area. Yasui, K. Characteristics of patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis who develop hepatocellular carcinoma.

Welzel, T. Population-attributable fractions of risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States. Aleksandrova, K. Inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers and risk of liver and biliary tract cancer. Hepatology 60 , — Chiang, C. The relationship of diabetes and smoking status to hepatocellular carcinoma mortality. Medicine Baltimore 95 , e Raff, E. Diabetes mellitus predicts occurrence of cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer in alcoholic liver and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases.

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Diabetologia 55 , — Phielix, E. The role of metformin and thiazolidinediones in the regulation of hepatic glucose metabolism and its clinical impact. Trends Pharmacol. A randomized controlled trial of metformin versus vitamin E or prescriptive diet in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Haukeland, J. Metformin in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized, controlled trial. Shields, W. The effect of metformin and standard therapy versus standard therapy alone in nondiabetic patients with insulin resistance and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis NASH : a pilot trial. Lavine, J. Effect of vitamin E or metformin for treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children and adolescents: the TONIC randomized controlled trial.

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Cusi, K. Long-term pioglitazone treatment for patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized trial. Long-term efficacy of rosiglitazone in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: results of the fatty liver improvement by rosiglitazone therapy FLIRT 2 extension trial. Hepatology 51 , — Fruci, B. Nonalcoholic fatty liver: a possible new target for type 2 diabetes prevention and treatment. Cui, J. Sitagliptin versus placebo for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled trial.

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Expert Opin. Drugs 23 , — Controlled-release mitochondrial protonophore reverses diabetes and steatohepatitis in rats. Caiazzo, R. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass versus adjustable gastric banding to reduce nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a 5-year controlled longitudinal study.

Lassailly, G. Bariatric surgery reduces features of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in morbidly obese patients. Gastroenterology , —; quiz e15—e16 Thaler, H.

Dtsch Med. Download references. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Correspondence to Herbert Tilg or Michael Roden. Reprints and Permissions. NAFLD and diabetes mellitus.

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A total of 26 and study outcomes were abstracted by the three studies, including 3, diabetic women and 2, authors, and discrepancies were resolved by dis- control women, were considered for the study. In cussion. In some studies there were more arms, as all studies diabetic women and control women composite casistics could be split into smaller were matched for age. Appropriate meth- only for meta-regression. Figure 1 Flowchart of clinical trials included in the systematic review and meta-analysis: nonrelevant articles were excluded first; reviews and meta-analyses were then excluded; studies without measures of disper- sion of data were excluded at a third step full-text articles excluded with reasons.

Therefore, separate meta- tion of diabetes, depression. As a matter of fact, analyses were performed. Heterogeneity women. Women are affected by type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, or type 1 and type 2 diabetes together any diabetes. Heterogeneity was high in all meta-regression.

This greater opposed to control women; diabetic women were frequency, however, is not unanimous, being , , and , respectively not shown. Het- reported in the majority of studies [1—22], but not erogeneity was high in all domains, in type 2, in in other studies [24—31]. The risk for FSD is 2. The independent variables, through different pharmacological approaches, consistent with the clinical and metabolic corre- with phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors [21,42] lates reported in several studies, are without statis- among others.

FSD is still matter of fact, FSD has been reported in metabolic poorly understood, and clinical and metabolic cor- syndrome [32,39]. Corresponding Author: Antonio E. In fact a relationship between com- pontiroli unimi. The general impression is interest with the contents of this article. However, data were reported in different ways and Statement of Authorship different kinds of chronic complications were studied, making impossible any meta-analysis. Pontiroli; Donatella Cortelazzi; Alberto heterogeneity of women evaluated in different Morabito studies; size of the study can have a different effect: b Acquisition of Data in some meta-analyses, a lower effect size is greater Donatella Cortelazzi than in smaller casistics can be assumed as an index c Analysis and Interpretation of Data of heterogeneity of greater sample sizes [40]; in Antonio E.

Pontiroli; Donatella Cortelazzi; Alberto other occasions, one might wander if some differ- Morabito ences can be observed only with sample sizes great enough.

Some correlates were of Antonio E. Pontiroli; Donatella Cortelazzi of correlates is not of universal value. Pontiroli; Donatella Cortelazzi; Alberto lower in diabetic than in control women. Sexual dysfunction in diabetic women. Sexual responsiveness in diabetic women. Evaluation of sexual function in ;— Sexual dysfunction in diabetic ;—9.

J Behav Med ;— Fertil Steril ;77 suppl 4 :s89— Am J Perinatol [Internet]. Available from: 0. Lipid and insulin infusion-induced skeletal muscle insulin Am J Physiol - of adverse obstetric outcomes in a multi- Endocrinol Metab.

J Clin Endocrinol Metab [Internet]. Beta-cell adaptation and www. Preeclampsia and Diabetes. Curr Diab Rep [Internet]. Use of hemoglobin A1c as an early predictor of gestational diabetes mellitus. Am J Obstet Gynecol [Internet]. Early screening of gestational diabetes mellitus using hemoglobin A1C: Revising current screening guidelines. Casp J Intern Med. Glycated haemoglobin in the first trimester: A predictor of gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant Asian Indian women.

Diabetes Res Clin Pract [Internet]. The accuracy of haemoglobin A1c as a screening and diagnostic test for gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of test accuracy studies. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol [Internet]. A maximum of two stars can be given for Comparability. Selection 1. Representativeness of the exposed cohort a. Truly representative one star b. Somewhat representative one star c.

Selected group d. No description of the derivation of the cohort 2. Selection of the non-exposed cohort a. Drawn from the same community as the exposed cohort one star b. Drawn from a different source c. No description of the derivation of the non-exposed cohort 3. Ascertainment of exposure a. Secure record e.

Structured interview one star c. Written self-report d. No description e. Other 4. Demonstration that outcome of interest was not present at start of study a. Yes one star b. No Comparability 1. Comparability of cohorts on the basis of the design or analysis controlled for confounders a.

The study controls for age, sex and marital status one star b. Study controls for other factors list one star c. Cohorts are not comparable on the basis of the design or analysis controlled for confounders www. Assessment of outcome a. Independent blind assessment one star b. Record linkage one star c. Self-report d. Other 2. Was follow-up long enough for outcomes to occur a. No Indicate the median duration of follow-up and a brief rationale for the assessment above: 3.

Adequacy of follow-up of cohorts a. Bacterial and fungal skin infections are more frequent in people with diabetes. Diabetic neuropathy and angiopathy are responsible for diabetic foot syndrome and diabetic dermopathy. Furthermore, antidiabetic therapies may provoke dermatologic adverse events.

Treatment with insulin may evoke local reactions like lipohypertrophy, lipoatrophy and both instant and delayed type allergy. Erythema multiforme, leukocytoclastic vasculitis, drug eruptions, and photosensitivity have been described as adverse reactions to oral antidiabetics. The identification of lesions may be crucial for the first diagnosis and for proper therapy of diabetes.

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Diabet Med. Geneva: WHO; Standards of medical care in diabetes— Current perspectives on the health risks associated with the consumption of advanced glycation end products: recommendations for dietary management. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. Blakytny R, Jude EB. Altered molecular mechanisms of diabetic foot ulcers. Int J Low Extremity Wounds. Article Google Scholar. Obrosova IG. Increased sorbitol pathway activity generates oxidative stress in tissue sites for diabetic complications.

Antioxid Redox Signal. Receptor for advanced glycation endproducts: a multiligand receptor magnifying cell stress in diverse pathologic settings. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. AGEs and chronic subclinical inflammation in diabetes: disorders of immune system. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. Gkogkolou P, Bohm M. Advanced glycation end products: key players in skin aging?

Postprandial blood glucose is associated with generalized pruritus in patients with type 2 diabetes. Eur J Dermatol. S2k guideline—chronic pruritus. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. Impaired microvascular flow motion in subclinical diabetic feet with sudomotor dysfunction. Microvasc Res. Importance of treatment of skin xerosis in diabetes. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol.

Lee MR, Shumack S.